REFINING THE MATERIAL SUBSTANCE: ARISTOTLE’S PROGRAM IN METAPHYSICS H1-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15691/0718-5448Vol1Iss2a243
Resumen
En Metaph. Z17, Aristóteles toma un nuevo punto de partida (1041a6) en su discusión sobre la sustancia: la forma sustancial es principio y causa (1041a6-10, 1041b8), mientras que la materia es un elemento (1041b31) de las sustancias materiales. Además, un compromiso de Aristóteles, quizá no totalmente aclarado en Z17, es que las sustancias materiales son todos unificados (1041b11-12). Éstas son dos tesis centrales de Z17, cuya aparente ausencia en el resumen de H1 (1042a3-23) ha despertado dudas entre los comentadores acerca del mismo proyecto de H; un libro que es visto comúnmente como un mero manojo de notas sobre temas de Z. En cuanto a la contribución positiva de H, los comentadores destacan poco más que la introducción del vocabulario modal de potencia y acto, en el cual se habría traducido la distinción de Z entre materia y forma; y encuentran recién en la solución que H6 (1045a23-25, 1045b18-19) ofrece al problema de la unidad la genuina contribución que hace el entero libro H. Como consecuencia de esta lectura, H1-5 quedan a la sombra de H6 y resultan escasamente atendidos. En contra de la tendencia todavía predominante a no considerar H1-5 en sí mismos, en este artículo intentaré mostrar que esos capítulos desarrollan un programa que prepara adecuadamente la conclusión de H6. H2-3 son la primera gran estación en ese programa; allí Aristóteles justifica la prioridad de la forma; posteriormente, en H4-5 hace algo similar con la unidad de los compuestos materiales. De tal manera, trataré de mostrar que H1-5 constituyen una pieza central en el acabamiento de la teoría sobre la sustancia material iniciada en Z17.
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